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	<title>Joseph Larmarange</title>
	<link>https://joseph.larmarange.net/</link>
	<description>D&#233;mographe en sant&#233; publique, directeur de recherche HDR &#224; l'IRD,directeur adjoint du Ceped (UMR 196 Universit&#233; Paris Cit&#233;, IRD, Universit&#233; Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm)</description>
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		<title>Joseph Larmarange</title>
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Douala, Cameroon</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Factors-associated-with</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Factors-associated-with</guid>
		<dc:date>2010-04-05T12:32:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Homo / Bisexualit&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Comportements sexuels</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;vention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Partenaires sexuel(le)s</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Authors E Henry1, F Marcellin2,3,4, Y Yomb5, L Fugon2,3,4, S Nemande5, C Gueboguo6, J Larmarange7, E Trenado1, F Eboko2,3,4, B Spire1,2,3,4,8 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Author Affiliations Coalition PLUS, Pantin, France INSERM, U912 (SE4S), Marseille, France Universit&#233; Aix Marseille, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France ORS PACA, Observatoire R&#233;gional de la Sant&#233; Provence Alpes C&#244;te d'Azur, Marseille, France Alternatives-Cameroun, Douala, Cameroun Universit&#233; de Yaound&#233; 1, D&#233;partement de Sociologie, Yaound&#233;, Cameroun&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/-Publications-11-" rel="directory"&gt;Publications&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-MSM-Homo-Bisexualite-+" rel="tag"&gt;Homo / Bisexualit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Comportements-sexuels-+" rel="tag"&gt;Comportements sexuels&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevention-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;vention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Partenaires-sexuel-le-s-+" rel="tag"&gt;Partenaires sexuel(le)s&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;cite cite_journal&#034;&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_authors&#034;&gt;Henry E, Marcellin F, Yomb Y, Fugon L, Nemande S, Gueboguo C, Larmarange J, Trenado E, Eboko F, Spire B&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_year&#034;&gt;(2010)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span class=&#034;cite_title&#034;&gt;&#8220;Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Douala, Cameroon&#8221;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i class=&#034;cite_journal&#034;&gt;Sexually Transmitted Infections&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_volume&#034;&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_doi&#034;&gt;doi: &lt;a href=&#034;http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fsti.2009.036939&#034;&gt;10.1136/sti.2009.036939&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_url&#034;&gt;(&lt;a href=&#034;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703845&#034;&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703845&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;cite_exports&#034;&gt;, &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/spip.php?page=export_ris_journal&amp;authors=Henry, E; Marcellin, F; Yomb, Y; Fugon, L; Nemande, S; Gueboguo, C; Larmarange, J; Trenado, E; Eboko, F; Spire, B&amp;year=2010&amp;title=Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Douala, Cameroon&amp;journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections&amp;volume=86&amp;issue=&amp;pages=&amp;doi=10.1136/sti.2009.036939&amp;issn=&amp;url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703845' class=&#034;cite_ris&#034; title=&#034;T&#233;l&#233;charger la r&#233;f&#233;rence au format RIS&#034;&gt;RIS&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/spip.php?page=export_bibtex_journal&amp;authors=Henry, E; Marcellin, F; Yomb, Y; Fugon, L; Nemande, S; Gueboguo, C; Larmarange, J; Trenado, E; Eboko, F; Spire, B&amp;year=2010&amp;title=Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Douala, Cameroon&amp;journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections&amp;volume=86&amp;issue=&amp;pages=&amp;doi=10.1136/sti.2009.036939&amp;issn=&amp;url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703845' class=&#034;cite_bibtex&#034; title=&#034;T&#233;l&#233;charger la r&#233;f&#233;rence au format BibTeX&#034;&gt;BibTeX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;span lang='en'&gt;Authors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; E Henry&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F Marcellin&lt;sup&gt;2,3,4&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Y Yomb&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; L Fugon&lt;sup&gt;2,3,4&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; S Nemande&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; C Gueboguo&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; J Larmarange&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; E Trenado&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F Eboko&lt;sup&gt;2,3,4&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; B Spire&lt;sup&gt;1,2,3,4,8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang='en'&gt;Author Affiliations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Coalition PLUS, Pantin, France&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; INSERM, U912 (SE4S), Marseille, France&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Universit&#233; Aix Marseille, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ORS PACA, Observatoire R&#233;gional de la Sant&#233; Provence Alpes C&#244;te d'Azur, Marseille, France&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Alternatives-Cameroun, Douala, Cameroun&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Universit&#233; de Yaound&#233; 1, D&#233;partement de Sociologie, Yaound&#233;, Cameroun&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; IRD, CEPED UMR 196, University Paris Descartes INED IRD, Paris, France&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; AIDES, Pantin, France&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang='en'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Editor's choice&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;span lang='en'&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang='en'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives &lt;/strong&gt; Research on men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa was neglected for a long time. The objective of this study was to understand factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with male partners among a group of MSM living in the city of Douala, Cameroon.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods &lt;/strong&gt; In 2008, a survey on the sexual activity and practices of MSM was set up in Douala in collaboration with a local community-based organisation. Data were collected among a convenience sample of 168 MSM during face-to-face interviews with trained interviewers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results &lt;/strong&gt; A total of 142 individuals reported sexual activity during the previous 6 months, among whom 80 (57%) reported UAI with male partners. In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for the frequency of sexual intercourse, not having had access to prevention interventions and not knowing any HIV-infected person were both independently associated with a higher risk of UAI. Other factors associated with this higher risk included having had a stable male partnership at some point in one's life and not having been out of Douala for more than 4 weeks during the previous year.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions &lt;/strong&gt; This community-based research is the first study of MSM in Cameroon and the HIV transmission risks they face. Results show the importance of HIV prevention interventions from peers, and underline the need to maintain efforts to develop specific interventions targeting MSM more efficiently in the African context. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;span lang='en'&gt;Keywords&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang='en'&gt;Adult; Cameroon; Condoms/utilization; Homosexuality; Multivariate Analysis; Sexual Behavior/psychology; Sexual Partners; Unsafe Sex; Young Adult.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Estimating effect of non response on HIV prevalence estimates from Demographic and Health Surveys</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Estimating-effect-of-non-response,117</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Estimating-effect-of-non-response,117</guid>
		<dc:date>2009-06-20T13:41:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valence du VIH</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>S&#233;n&#233;gal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&#201;thiopie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ghana</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Lesotho</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Malawi</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tanzanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>R&#233;gression logistique</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Abstract &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In most countries in Sub&#8208;Saharan Africa, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) with HIV testing became the only measure of HIV prevalence in general population. Significant non response rates were often cited to explain differences between DHS results and estimations from sentinel surveillance in antenatal clinics. The objective of this paper consists to predict with multivariate models the prevalence of non tested persons in order to estimate the effect of non response on national&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/-Publications-11-" rel="directory"&gt;Publications&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalence-du-VIH-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valence du VIH&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Senegal-+" rel="tag"&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Ethiopie-+" rel="tag"&gt;&#201;thiopie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Ghana-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ghana&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Lesotho-+" rel="tag"&gt;Lesotho&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Malawi-+" rel="tag"&gt;Malawi&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Tanzanie-+" rel="tag"&gt;Tanzanie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Regression-logistique-+" rel="tag"&gt;R&#233;gression logistique&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;cite cite_report&#034;&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_authors&#034;&gt;Larmarange Joseph, Vallo Roselyne, Yaro Seydou, Msellati Philippe, M&#233;da Nicolas, Ferry Beno&#238;t&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_year&#034;&gt;(2009)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i class=&#034;cite_title&#034;&gt;Estimating effect of non response on HIV prevalence estimates from Demographic and Health Surveys&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_report_type&#034;&gt;CEPED's Working Papers&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_number&#034;&gt;num&#233;ro 3&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_institution&#034;&gt;CEPED&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_place&#034;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_url&#034;&gt;(&lt;a href=&#034;http://ceped.org/wp&#034;&gt;http://ceped.org/wp&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;cite_exports&#034;&gt;, &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/spip.php?page=export_ris_report&amp;authors=Larmarange, Joseph; Vallo, Roselyne; Yaro, Seydou; Msellati, Philippe; M&#233;da, Nicolas; Ferry, Beno&#238;t&amp;year=2009&amp;title=Estimating effect of non response on HIV prevalence estimates from Demographic and Health Surveys&amp;number=3&amp;report_type=CEPED's Working Papers&amp;institution=CEPED&amp;place=Paris&amp;pages=&amp;url=http://ceped.org/wp' class=&#034;cite_ris&#034; title=&#034;T&#233;l&#233;charger la r&#233;f&#233;rence au format RIS&#034;&gt;RIS&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/spip.php?page=export_bibtex_report&amp;authors=Larmarange, Joseph; Vallo, Roselyne; Yaro, Seydou; Msellati, Philippe; M&#233;da, Nicolas; Ferry, Beno&#238;t&amp;year=2009&amp;title=Estimating effect of non response on HIV prevalence estimates from Demographic and Health Surveys&amp;number=3&amp;report_type=CEPED's Working Papers&amp;institution=CEPED&amp;place=Paris&amp;pages=&amp;url=http://ceped.org/wp' class=&#034;cite_bibtex&#034; title=&#034;T&#233;l&#233;charger la r&#233;f&#233;rence au format BibTeX&#034;&gt;BibTeX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;span lang='en'&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang='en'&gt;In most countries in Sub&#8208;Saharan Africa, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) with HIV testing became the only measure of HIV prevalence in general population. Significant non response rates were often cited to explain differences between DHS results and estimations from sentinel surveillance in antenatal clinics. The objective of this paper consists to predict with multivariate models the prevalence of non tested persons in order to estimate the effect of non response on national HIV prevalence measure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We used data from 9 DHS, conducted in sub&#8208;Saharan Africa, where HIV results could be linked with data from household and individual questionnaires. Logistic regressions were performed for each country, separately for men and women 15&#8208;49 years old, with a common set of predictor variables. For each group, adjusted prevalence was calculated by using observed prevalence for tested people and estimated probability to be HIV positive for non tested persons.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The non response rates in these 9 studies vary from 7.9% to 39.3%. Estimated prevalence of non tested persons is usually higher than observed prevalence of tested persons (13 groups on 18) Nevertheless, ratios of adjusted prevalence to observed prevalence remain relatively close to 1 (from 0.970 to 1.109). Differences between adjusted and observed prevalence is less than 0.32. A significant negative correlation was found between non&#8208;response rates and ratios of non&#8208;tested to tested, but there is no correlation between ratios of adjusted to observed prevalence and proportions of non&#8208;tested.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The overall effect of non response biases on national HIV estimates tends to be small and remains inferior to sample variations. If adjustments need to be interpreted with caution due to the limited information available to predict the prevalence of non tested people, we can conclude that national population&#8208;based surveys can provide quality and representative national HIV prevalence estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;span lang='en'&gt;Keywords&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang='en'&gt;HIV Infections, Population surveillance, Health Surveys, Developing Countries, Prevalence Estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Impact des biais de trois Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233; africaines sur l'estimation de la pr&#233;valence nationale du VIH</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/impact-des-biais-de-trois-enquetes</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/impact-des-biais-de-trois-enquetes</guid>
		<dc:date>2008-10-14T17:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valence du VIH</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>M&#233;thodologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mesure des indicateurs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Kenya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>R&#233;gression logistique</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Communication orale &#224; la 15&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; Conf&#233;rence Internationale sur le Sida et les Infections sexuellement transmissibles en Afrique (CISMA - ICASA en anglais) du 3 au 7&#160;d&#233;cembre 2008 &#224; Dakar. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Auteurs &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
J. Larmarange, R. Vallo, S. Yaro, P. Msellati, N. M&#233;da, B. Ferry &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Abstract &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Objectif &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis 2001, plusieurs enqu&#234;tes nationales en population g&#233;n&#233;rale avec d&#233;pistage du VIH, en particulier des Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233; (EDS), ont &#233;t&#233; men&#233;es en Afrique subsaharienne. Dans certains&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalence-du-VIH-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valence du VIH&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Methodologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;M&#233;thodologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Validite-de-la-mesure-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mesure des indicateurs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Kenya-+" rel="tag"&gt;Kenya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Representativite-et-Biais-+" rel="tag"&gt;Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Regression-logistique-+" rel="tag"&gt;R&#233;gression logistique&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Communication orale &#224; la 15&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; Conf&#233;rence Internationale sur le Sida et les Infections sexuellement transmissibles en Afrique (CISMA - ICASA en anglais) du 3 au 7&#160;d&#233;cembre 2008 &#224; Dakar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Auteurs&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;J. Larmarange&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;IRD &#8211; CEPED UMR 196 Paris Descartes INED IRD, Paris, France&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, R. Vallo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Universit&#233; de Montpellier I &#8211; EA 4205, Montpellier, France&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, S. Yaro&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, P. Msellati&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;IRD &#8211; UMR 145, Marseille, France&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, N. M&#233;da&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, B. Ferry&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectif&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis 2001, plusieurs enqu&#234;tes nationales en population g&#233;n&#233;rale avec d&#233;pistage du VIH, en particulier des Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233; (EDS), ont &#233;t&#233; men&#233;es en Afrique subsaharienne. Dans certains pays, leurs r&#233;sultats &#233;taient sensiblement diff&#233;rents de ceux de la surveillance sentinelle en cliniques pr&#233;natales. Les taux de non r&#233;ponse (refus ou absence) des EDS ont souvent &#233;t&#233; cit&#233;s pour expliquer ces diff&#233;rences. L'objectif de ce travail vise &#224; estimer l'impact des diff&#233;rents biais de trois EDS (Burkina Faso 2003, Cameroun 2004 et Kenya 2003) sur la pr&#233;valence nationale du VIH mesur&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;M&#233;thode&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nous avons eu recours &#224; une mod&#233;lisation math&#233;matique pour estimer les individus infect&#233;s non observables du fait de la fen&#234;tre s&#233;rologique des tests de d&#233;pistage. Des donn&#233;es de recensement et de l'UNHCR ont permis de prendre en compte les individus hors m&#233;nages ordinaires, dont les r&#233;fugi&#233;s en camps. L'anciennet&#233; des bases de sondage utilis&#233;es a &#233;t&#233; compens&#233;e &#224; partir de projections de population. Nous avons pos&#233; deux hypoth&#232;ses simples concernant les m&#233;nages &#233;ligibles non enqu&#234;t&#233;s, consid&#233;rant que leur pr&#233;valence &#233;tait soit double soit moiti&#233; moindre. Enfin, la pr&#233;valence des individus &#233;ligibles mais non test&#233;s a pu &#234;tre estim&#233;e &#224; partir de mod&#232;les logistiques. Lorsque les donn&#233;es &#233;taient faibles ou insuffisantes, nous avons maximis&#233; l'amplitude des biais.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;R&#233;sultats&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au Burkina Faso, la pr&#233;valence observ&#233;e est de 1,77&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% (IC 95&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;%&#160;: 1,49-2,11) tandis que la pr&#233;valence ajust&#233;e est de 1,86&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% pour l'hypoth&#232;se haute et 1,82&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% pour l'hypoth&#232;se basse. Elles sont respectivement de 5,44&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% (5,00-5,91), 5,84&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% et 5,43&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% au Cameroun, 6,88&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% (6,27-7,54), 7,16&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% et 6,55&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% au Kenya. Pour les trois EDS, la pr&#233;valence ajust&#233;e est situ&#233;e au sein de l'intervalle de confiance &#224; 95&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% de la pr&#233;valence observ&#233;e, et m&#234;me au sein de l'intervalle de confiance &#224; 75&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;% (except&#233; l'hypoth&#232;se haute au Cameroun).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les r&#233;sultats des EDS constituent de bons indicateurs du niveau de la pr&#233;valence nationale du VIH parmi les adultes en population g&#233;n&#233;rale. L'impact des diff&#233;rentes sources de biais reste limit&#233;, inf&#233;rieur aux erreurs d'&#233;chantillonnage. L'approche d'ONUSIDA consistant &#224; estimer le niveau des &#233;pid&#233;mies &#224; partir d'enqu&#234;tes en population g&#233;n&#233;rale s'av&#232;re pertinente.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;IRD &#8211; CEPED UMR 196 Paris Descartes INED IRD, Paris, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Universit&#233; de Montpellier I &#8211; EA 4205, Montpellier, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;IRD &#8211; UMR 145, Marseille, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Comparaisons locales de la surveillance sentinelle des femmes enceintes et des Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233; au Burkina Faso et au Cameroun</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Comparaisons-locales-de-la</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Comparaisons-locales-de-la</guid>
		<dc:date>2008-10-14T16:48:55Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valence du VIH</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>M&#233;thodologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Interpolation spatiale</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cartographie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance sentinelle</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mesure des indicateurs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Poster pr&#233;sent&#233; &#224; la 15&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; Conf&#233;rence Internationale sur le Sida et les Infections sexuellement transmissibles en Afrique (CISMA - ICASA en anglais) du 3 au 7&#160;d&#233;cembre 2008 &#224; Dakar. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Auteurs &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
J. Larmarange, R. Vallo, S. Yaro, P. Msellati, N. M&#233;da, B. Ferry &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Abstract &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Objectif &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Les pr&#233;valences nationales du VIH ont &#233;t&#233; historiquement estim&#233;es &#224; partir de la surveillance sentinelle en cliniques pr&#233;natales (CPN). Depuis 2001, les Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233; (EDS) en population&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/-Communications-" rel="directory"&gt;Communications&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalence-du-VIH-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valence du VIH&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Methodologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;M&#233;thodologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Interpolation-spatiale-+" rel="tag"&gt;Interpolation spatiale&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cartographie-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cartographie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Surveillance-sentinelle-+" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance sentinelle&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Validite-de-la-mesure-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mesure des indicateurs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Representativite-et-Biais-+" rel="tag"&gt;Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Poster pr&#233;sent&#233; &#224; la 15&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; Conf&#233;rence Internationale sur le Sida et les Infections sexuellement transmissibles en Afrique (CISMA - ICASA en anglais) du 3 au 7&#160;d&#233;cembre 2008 &#224; Dakar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Auteurs&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;J. Larmarange&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;IRD &#8211; CEPED UMR 196 Paris Descartes INED IRD, Paris, France&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, R. Vallo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Universit&#233; de Montpellier I &#8211; EA 4205, Montpellier, France&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, S. Yaro&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, P. Msellati&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;IRD &#8211; UMR 145, Marseille, France&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, N. M&#233;da&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, B. Ferry&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectif&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les pr&#233;valences nationales du VIH ont &#233;t&#233; historiquement estim&#233;es &#224; partir de la surveillance sentinelle en cliniques pr&#233;natales (CPN). Depuis 2001, les Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233; (EDS) en population g&#233;n&#233;rale constituent une nouvelle source d'informations. Pour plusieurs pays, les estimations entre ces deux sources divergent, principalement en raison de la localisation des sites sentinelles retenus. Certains travaux ont montr&#233; que les CPN pouvaient constituer un bon indicateur local. Nous cherchons ici &#224; comparer localement EDS et CPN afin de pr&#233;ciser la repr&#233;sentativit&#233; de ces derni&#232;res.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;M&#233;thode&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nous avons eu recours &#224; des techniques d'analyse en composantes d'&#233;chelle et d'interpolation spatiale afin de cartographier les variations infrar&#233;gionales de la pr&#233;valence du VIH &#224; partir des EDS. La m&#233;thode employ&#233;e a &#233;t&#233; test&#233;e &#224; partir d'une mod&#233;lisation avant d'&#234;tre appliqu&#233;e aux EDS 2003 du Burkina Faso et 2004 du Cameroun. Un programme informatique a &#233;t&#233; sp&#233;cialement con&#231;u &#224; cette fin (&lt;a href=&#034;http://www.ceped.org/prevR&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out auto&#034; rel=&#034;nofollow external&#034;&gt;http://www.ceped.org/prevR&lt;/a&gt;). Nous obtenons les tendances r&#233;gionales de la pr&#233;valence du VIH dans un rayon de 30 &#224; 90 kilom&#232;tres, que nous comparons avec les donn&#233;es CPN.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;R&#233;sultats&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pr&#233;valence du VIH mesur&#233;e en CPN est fortement d&#233;pendante de la zone de recrutement (ZR) de cette derni&#232;re. Pour les petites agglom&#233;rations isol&#233;es, le nombre limit&#233; de cliniques induit que leur ZR correspond approximativement &#224; l'agglom&#233;ration et son voisinage plus ou moins proche. Dans les grandes villes ou les r&#233;gions fortement urbanis&#233;es, la diversit&#233; des CPN disponibles rendent les ZR plus complexes. Elles peuvent s'interp&#233;n&#233;trer et/ou se superposer. Les CPN ne seront pas forc&#233;ment repr&#233;sentatives de l'agglom&#233;ration &#233;tudi&#233;e. Les CPN situ&#233;es en milieu rurale traduisent pour leur part une pr&#233;valence tr&#232;s localis&#233;e qui peut diverger de la tendance r&#233;gionale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La surveillance sentinelle en CPN peut s'av&#233;rer un mauvais indicateur des niveaux r&#233;gionaux de l'&#233;pid&#233;mie, en fonction de leurs zones de recrutement et des variations spatiales de la pr&#233;valence. Une comparaison avec d'autres sources est donc n&#233;cessaire avant de pouvoir g&#233;n&#233;raliser une observation r&#233;alis&#233;e en CPN. Cependant, elle reste adapt&#233;e pour une surveillance locale des tendances temporelles de l'&#233;pid&#233;mie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;IRD &#8211; CEPED UMR 196 Paris Descartes INED IRD, Paris, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Universit&#233; de Montpellier I &#8211; EA 4205, Montpellier, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;IRD &#8211; UMR 145, Marseille, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique&#160;: validit&#233; d'une mesure</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Prevalences-du-VIH-en-Afrique</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Prevalences-du-VIH-en-Afrique</guid>
		<dc:date>2007-10-01T13:37:36Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valence du VIH</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>M&#233;thodologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Interpolation spatiale</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cartographie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance sentinelle</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&#201;pist&#233;mologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mesure des indicateurs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mod&#233;lisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Kenya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Jury Beno&#238;t FERRY (IRD) - Directeur Yves CHARBIT (Universit&#233; Paris Descartes) - Pr&#233;sident &#201;va LELI&#200;VRE (INED) - Rapporteur Philippe MSELLATI (IRD) - Rapporteur Arnaud FONTANET (Institut Pasteur) Nicolas M&#201;DA (Centre Muraz - Burkina Faso) &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Projet de recherche associ&#233;&#160;: Mesures et Ajustement des pr&#233;valences du VIH &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique&#160;: validit&#233; d'une mesure &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Les pr&#233;valences nationales du VIH sont estim&#233;es, en Afrique subsaharienne, &#224; partir de deux sources&#160;: la surveillance&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalence-du-VIH-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valence du VIH&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Methodologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;M&#233;thodologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Interpolation-spatiale-+" rel="tag"&gt;Interpolation spatiale&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cartographie-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cartographie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Surveillance-sentinelle-+" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance sentinelle&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Epistemologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;&#201;pist&#233;mologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Validite-de-la-mesure-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mesure des indicateurs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Modelisation-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mod&#233;lisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Kenya-+" rel="tag"&gt;Kenya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Representativite-et-Biais-+" rel="tag"&gt;Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/arton64-fcdb7.jpg?1715109008' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;cite cite_thesis&#034;&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_authors&#034;&gt;Larmarange Joseph&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_year&#034;&gt;(2007)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i class=&#034;cite_title&#034;&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique : validit&#233; d'une mesure&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_thesis_type&#034;&gt;th&#232;se pour l'obtention du grade de docteur en d&#233;mographie&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&#034;cite_university&#034;&gt;Universit&#233; Paris Descartes&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#034;cite_url&#034;&gt;(&lt;a href=&#034;http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320283/fr/&#034;&gt;http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320283/fr/&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;cite_exports&#034;&gt;, &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/spip.php?page=export_ris_thesis&amp;authors=Larmarange, Joseph&amp;year=2007&amp;title=Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique&#8239;: validit&#233; d'une mesure&amp;thesis_type=th&#232;se pour l'obtention du grade de docteur en d&#233;mographie&amp;university=Universit&#233; Paris Descartes&amp;place=&amp;pages=&amp;url=http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320283/fr/' class=&#034;cite_ris&#034; title=&#034;T&#233;l&#233;charger la r&#233;f&#233;rence au format RIS&#034;&gt;RIS&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/spip.php?page=export_bibtex_thesis&amp;authors=Larmarange, Joseph&amp;year=2007&amp;title=Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique&#8239;: validit&#233; d'une mesure&amp;thesis_type=th&#232;se pour l'obtention du grade de docteur en d&#233;mographie&amp;university=Universit&#233; Paris Descartes&amp;place=&amp;pages=&amp;url=http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320283/fr/' class=&#034;cite_bibtex&#034; title=&#034;T&#233;l&#233;charger la r&#233;f&#233;rence au format BibTeX&#034;&gt;BibTeX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Jury&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Beno&#238;t FERRY (IRD) - Directeur
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Yves CHARBIT (Universit&#233; Paris Descartes) - Pr&#233;sident
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#201;va LELI&#200;VRE (INED) - Rapporteur
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Philippe MSELLATI (IRD) - Rapporteur
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Arnaud FONTANET (Institut Pasteur)
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Nicolas M&#201;DA (Centre Muraz - Burkina Faso)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Projet de recherche associ&#233;&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Mesures-et-Ajustement-des' class=&#034;spip_in&#034;&gt;Mesures et Ajustement des pr&#233;valences du VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique&#160;: validit&#233; d'une mesure&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les pr&#233;valences nationales du VIH sont estim&#233;es, en Afrique subsaharienne, &#224; partir de deux sources&#160;: la surveillance sentinelle des femmes enceintes et les enqu&#234;tes nationales en population g&#233;n&#233;rale (EDS). En plusieurs endroits, les r&#233;sultats divergent, questionnant la validit&#233; de chaque approche. Quelles port&#233;e, limites et signification objective peuvent &#234;tre accord&#233;es aux diverses observations, chacune appr&#233;hendant le r&#233;el sous un angle diff&#233;rent&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les EDS constituent un bon indicateur du niveau des &#233;pid&#233;mies &#224; l'&#233;chelle national et r&#233;gional, voir infrar&#233;gional gr&#226;ce au recours &#224; des techniques d'analyse spatiale en composantes d'&#233;chelles. Mais leur fr&#233;quence est inadapt&#233;e pour mesurer les &#233;volutions &#224; court terme. La surveillance sentinelle, estimateur local des ordres de grandeur, peut &#234;tre un indicateur de tendances sous certaines conditions. Cependant, si la situation actuelle commence &#224; &#234;tre mieux connue, une mesure r&#233;elle des dynamiques est encore hors de notre port&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Mots-Cl&#233;s&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;VIH/SIDA, Afrique subsaharienne, pr&#233;valence, validit&#233; &#233;pist&#233;mologique, EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;), surveillance sentinelle, interpolation spatiale, &#233;pid&#233;miologie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
HIV prevalence in Africa&#160;: validity of a measurement&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIV national prevalence is estimated, in sub-Saharan Africa, from two main data sources&#160;: sentinel surveillance of pregnant women and national population-based surveys (DHS). In several countries, results differ, questioning each of those approaches' efficiency. What range, limitations and objective significance can be granted to the diverse observations, each apprehending the real from a different point of view&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DHS constitute a good indicator of prevalence levels at a national or a regional scale. Intraregional variations can be reproduced by using spatial analysis techniques. But DHS frequencies are inaccurate to measure short-term evolution. Sentinel surveillance, local estimator of magnitude of epidemics, can be a tendency indicator under certain conditions. However, if the present situation is only just starting to be better-known, a real measurement of HIV dynamics is still out of our reach.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Key Words&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIV/AIDS, sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence, epistemological validity, DHS (Demographic and Health Surveys, sentinel surveillance, spatial interpolation, epidemiology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Estimating effect of non response on HIV prevalence estimates with DHS data</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/estimating-effect-of-non-response</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/estimating-effect-of-non-response</guid>
		<dc:date>2007-05-03T09:28:22Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valence du VIH</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>M&#233;thodologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mesure des indicateurs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mod&#233;lisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>S&#233;n&#233;gal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Kenya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&#201;thiopie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ghana</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Lesotho</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Malawi</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tanzanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>R&#233;gression logistique</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;8th AIDS Impact conference, Marseille, 1-4&#160;juillet 2007 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Authors &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Joseph LARMARANGE, Roselyne VALLO, Seydou YARO, Philippe MSELLATI, Nicolas M&#201;DA, Beno&#238;t FERRY. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Abstract &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Aim &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) with HIV testing became the only measure of HIV prevalence in general population. Significant non response rate were often cited to explain differences between DHS results and estimations from sentinel surveillance in antenatal&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/-Communications-" rel="directory"&gt;Communications&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalence-du-VIH-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valence du VIH&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Methodologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;M&#233;thodologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Validite-de-la-mesure-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mesure des indicateurs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Modelisation-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mod&#233;lisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Senegal-+" rel="tag"&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Kenya-+" rel="tag"&gt;Kenya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Ethiopie-+" rel="tag"&gt;&#201;thiopie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Ghana-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ghana&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Lesotho-+" rel="tag"&gt;Lesotho&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Malawi-+" rel="tag"&gt;Malawi&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Tanzanie-+" rel="tag"&gt;Tanzanie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Representativite-et-Biais-+" rel="tag"&gt;Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Regression-logistique-+" rel="tag"&gt;R&#233;gression logistique&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;8th AIDS Impact conference, Marseille, 1-4&#160;juillet 2007&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Authors&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Joseph LARMARANGE, Roselyne VALLO, Seydou YARO, Philippe MSELLATI, Nicolas M&#201;DA, Beno&#238;t FERRY.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) with HIV testing became the only measure of HIV prevalence in general population. Significant non response rate were often cited to explain differences between DHS results and estimations from sentinel surveillance in antenatal clinics. The objective of this presentation consists to predict with multivariate models the prevalence of non tested persons in order to estimate the effect of non response on national estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method / Issue&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We used data from 9 DHS surveys (Burkina Faso 2003, Cameroon 2004, Ethiopia 2005, Ghana 2003, Kenya 2003, Lesotho 2004, Malawi 2004, Senegal 2005 and Tanzanie 2003) where HIV results could be linked with data from household and individual questionnaires. Logistic regression were calculated for each country, separately for men and women 15-49 years old, with common predictor variables&#160;: region, place of residence, age group, education, wealth index, marital status, work status, having radio or television, age at first sexual intercourse, recent sexual activities, using condom at last sexual intercourse, number of partners in last 12 months, smoking, STI in last 12 months, female and male circumcision and willing to care for relative with AIDS. For each group, adjusted prevalence was calculated by using observed prevalence for tested people and estimated prevalence for non tested people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results / Comments&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The non response rates in these 9 studies vary from 7.9% to 34.2%. Estimated prevalence of non tested persons is usually higher than observed prevalence of tested persons&#160;: in 15 groups on 18, the ratio exceeds 1 (it vary from 0.820 to 2.424). Nevertheless, ratios of adjusted prevalence to observed prevalence remain relatively small (from 0.956 to 1.251). Except for men in Lesotho and women in Malawi, differences between adjusted and observed prevalence is less than 0.5 points. In both cases, number of tested persons was small (less than 3'000). No relation was found between non response rate and ratio of non tested to tested or ratio of adjusted prevalence to observed prevalence. Nevertheless, highest ratio of adjusted prevalence to observed prevalence were found for groups with smallest prevalence (&lt;3%). But this effect is probably a consequence of a small statistical power.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If differences between adjusted and observed prevalence are more important than in a precedent survey conducted by Mishra et al. in 2006 on 5 DHS, the overall effect of non response bias on national HIV estimates tend to be small. Adjustments need to be interpreted with caution due to the limited information available to predict the prevalence of non tested people, in particular for people who did not answer the individual questionnaire and for whom only household questionnaire data were used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Variations spatiales infranationales de la pr&#233;valence du VIH en Afrique (projet ANRS 12114)</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Variations-spatiales</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Variations-spatiales</guid>
		<dc:date>2007-02-26T14:11:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>M&#233;thodologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Interpolation spatiale</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cartographie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance sentinelle</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mod&#233;lisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>prevR</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;4&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; Conf&#233;rence Francophone sur le VIH/Sida, organis&#233;e sous l'&#233;gide de l'ANRS, 29-31&#160;mars 2007 &#224; la Cit&#233; des Sciences et de l'Industrie de Paris. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; 3Th&#232;me :3 &#201;pid&#233;miologie &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
3Auteurs :3 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; LARMARANGE Joseph, VALLO Roselyne, YARO Seydou, MSELLATI Philippe, MEDA Nicolas, FERRY Beno&#238;t. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
3Objectif3 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plusieurs pays africains disposent dor&#233;navant d'une Enqu&#234;te D&#233;mographique et de Sant&#233; (EDS) en population g&#233;n&#233;rale, avec d&#233;pistage du VIH et coordonn&#233;es g&#233;ographiques des zones d'enqu&#234;te.&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Methodologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;M&#233;thodologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Interpolation-spatiale-+" rel="tag"&gt;Interpolation spatiale&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cartographie-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cartographie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Surveillance-sentinelle-+" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance sentinelle&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Modelisation-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mod&#233;lisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-prevR-+" rel="tag"&gt;prevR&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;4&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; Conf&#233;rence Francophone sur le VIH/Sida, organis&#233;e sous l'&#233;gide de l'ANRS, 29-31&#160;mars 2007 &#224; la Cit&#233; des Sciences et de l'Industrie de Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;i&gt;Th&#232;me&#160;:&lt;/i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#201;pid&#233;miologie&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;i&gt;Auteurs&#160;:&lt;/i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; LARMARANGE Joseph, VALLO Roselyne, YARO Seydou, MSELLATI Philippe, MEDA Nicolas, FERRY Beno&#238;t.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;i&gt;Objectif&lt;/i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs pays africains disposent dor&#233;navant d'une Enqu&#234;te D&#233;mographique et de Sant&#233; (EDS) en population g&#233;n&#233;rale, avec d&#233;pistage du VIH et coordonn&#233;es g&#233;ographiques des zones d'enqu&#234;te. L'utilisation de ces donn&#233;es permet de reconstruire en partie les variations spatiales de la pr&#233;valence du VIH &#224; des niveaux infrar&#233;gionaux. La connaissance de ces variations constitue un outil pour l'&#233;valuation, la planification et le plaidoyer et permet de mieux comprendre les &#233;carts observ&#233;s entre les EDS et la surveillance sentinelle des femmes enceintes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;i&gt;M&#233;thodes&lt;/i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pr&#233;valence du VIH de chaque zone d'enqu&#234;te d'une EDS a &#233;t&#233; estim&#233;e &#224; partir des zones voisines en tenant compte des principales agglom&#233;rations urbaines&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;; puis une interpolation par krigeage a &#233;t&#233; effectu&#233;e. Des indicateurs de qualit&#233; des estimations produites ont &#233;galement &#233;t&#233; g&#233;n&#233;r&#233;s. La validit&#233; de cette m&#233;thodologie a &#233;t&#233; v&#233;rifi&#233;e par simulation d'enqu&#234;tes sur un pays mod&#232;le. Cette approche a &#233;t&#233; appliqu&#233;e aux donn&#233;es des EDS du Burkina Faso et du Cameroun et les cartes produites discut&#233;es avec les experts nationaux de ces deux pays. Un outil informatique gratuit a par ailleurs &#233;t&#233; r&#233;alis&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;i&gt;R&#233;sultats&lt;/i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nos r&#233;sultats soulignent l'h&#233;t&#233;rog&#233;n&#233;it&#233; spatiale des &#233;pid&#233;mies au niveau r&#233;gional et infrar&#233;gional. Les zones les plus touch&#233;es correspondent, pour une majorit&#233;, aux villes situ&#233;es sur les principaux axes routiers et aux zones historiques de migrations. La comparaison au niveau local entre EDS et surveillance sentinelle montre que ces deux mesures correspondent &#224; deux &#233;chelles g&#233;ographiques diff&#233;rentes&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;; elle fournit des pistes de r&#233;flexions sur la mani&#232;re compl&#233;mentaire d'utiliser ces deux sources d'informations. La surveillance sentinelle est plus adapt&#233;e au suivi des tendances d'une &#233;pid&#233;mie locale, tandis que les EDS sont plus pertinentes pour mesurer le niveau global de la pr&#233;valence du VIH &#224; l'&#233;chelle nationale ou r&#233;gionale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;i&gt;Conclusions&lt;/i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Malgr&#233; plusieurs limites, cette m&#233;thode affine la connaissance des &#233;pid&#233;mies nationales et constitue un outil d'aide &#224; la prise de d&#233;cision. La variation spatiale de la pr&#233;valence est la r&#233;sultante de dynamiques &#233;pid&#233;miques et migratoires complexes. L'analyse des diff&#233;rences d'&#233;chelles et de repr&#233;sentativit&#233; des diverses sources est primordiale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Mesures et Ajustement des pr&#233;valences du VIH</title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Mesures-et-Ajustement-des</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Mesures-et-Ajustement-des</guid>
		<dc:date>2007-02-23T14:52:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valence du VIH</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>M&#233;thodologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Interpolation spatiale</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cartographie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance sentinelle</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&#201;pist&#233;mologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mesure des indicateurs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mod&#233;lisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>prevR</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Ce projet IRD - Centre Muraz s'intitule Mesure et Ajustement des pr&#233;valences nationales du VIH en Afrique Subsuharienne - Application &#224; trois sites ANRS&#160;: Burkina Faso, Cameroun et S&#233;n&#233;gal. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Responsables&#160;: &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Beno&#238;t FERRY (IRD) et Nicolas M&#233;da (Centre Muraz, Burkina Faso) &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Financement&#160;: &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
ANRS (Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les h&#233;patites virales). Projet 12114. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Th&#232;se r&#233;alis&#233;e dans le cadre de ce projet&#160;: Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique&#160;: validit&#233; d'une mesure &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Calendrier&#160;(&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/-Projets-de-Recherche-" rel="directory"&gt;Projets de Recherche&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalence-du-VIH-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valence du VIH&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Methodologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;M&#233;thodologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Interpolation-spatiale-+" rel="tag"&gt;Interpolation spatiale&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cartographie-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cartographie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Surveillance-sentinelle-+" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance sentinelle&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Epistemologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;&#201;pist&#233;mologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Validite-de-la-mesure-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mesure des indicateurs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Modelisation-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mod&#233;lisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Representativite-et-Biais-+" rel="tag"&gt;Repr&#233;sentativit&#233; et Biais&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-prevR-+" rel="tag"&gt;prevR&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/arton44-b8aec.jpg?1715109009' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ce projet IRD - Centre Muraz s'intitule &lt;i&gt;Mesure et Ajustement des pr&#233;valences nationales du VIH en Afrique Subsuharienne - Application &#224; trois sites ANRS&#160;: Burkina Faso, Cameroun et S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Responsables&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beno&#238;t FERRY (IRD) et Nicolas M&#233;da (Centre Muraz, Burkina Faso)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Financement&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ANRS (Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les h&#233;patites virales). Projet 12114.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Th&#232;se r&#233;alis&#233;e dans le cadre de ce projet&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip-puce ltr&#034;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#8211;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Prevalences-du-VIH-en-Afrique' class=&#034;spip_in&#034;&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH en Afrique&#160;: validit&#233; d'une mesure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Calendrier&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2005-2007&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
R&#233;sum&#233;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#192; la demande de l'ANRS, il a &#233;t&#233; convenu de centrer ce travail sur les sites ANRS&#160;: Burkina Faso, Cameroun et S&#233;n&#233;gal. Ce projet s'inscrit dans un partenariat entre l'IRD et le Centre Muraz d'une part, mais aussi, plus largement, avec les chercheurs et experts nationaux engag&#233;s dans la surveillance &#233;pid&#233;mique de chaque pays.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aujourd'hui, il est encore difficile d'avoir une image pr&#233;cise des niveaux et tendances actuels des pr&#233;valences des &#233;pid&#233;mies de VIH, comme en t&#233;moignent les r&#233;centes r&#233;visions qu'ONUSIDA a faites de ses estimations. Si dans les pays en d&#233;veloppement la majorit&#233; des donn&#233;es concernent les femmes en suivi pr&#233;natal ou des groupes &#224; risques, les enqu&#234;tes nationales en population g&#233;n&#233;rale sont de plus en plus nombreuses, en particulier les Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233; (EDS) qui int&#232;grent dor&#233;navant un module de test de d&#233;pistage du VIH. Il importe de recouper ces deux sources d'informations et d'affiner les donn&#233;es en tenant compte des biais propres &#224; chacune et du contexte sp&#233;cifique &#224; chaque pays.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le pr&#233;sent projet vise &#224; am&#233;liorer les m&#233;thodes d'&#233;valuation et de validation des estimations nationales du VIH dans les pays&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;; &#224; g&#233;n&#233;raliser des m&#233;thodes d'ajustement simple des donn&#233;es applicables &#224; moindre co&#251;t dans un programme de suivi de l'&#233;pid&#233;mie&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;; &#224; mettre au point un protocole d'ajustement des donn&#233;es afin d'&#234;tres exploitables par des mod&#232;les &#233;pid&#233;miologiques&lt;small class=&#034;fine d-inline&#034;&gt;&#160;&lt;/small&gt;; et &#224; v&#233;rifier la validit&#233; de deux mod&#232;les &#233;pid&#233;miques aux trois pays &#233;tudi&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La m&#233;thodologie retenue s'appuie essentiellement sur une analyse comparative et contextuelle des diff&#233;rentes sources (femmes enceintes, EDS, recensement de populations, enqu&#234;tes par cohortes comme le projet VIRUS au Burkina Faso...). Une premi&#232;re s&#233;rie de missions permettra de rencontrer les autorit&#233;s nationales, de collecter les donn&#233;es et d'&#233;tablir les contextes de chaque pays. Ces diff&#233;rentes sources seront syst&#233;matiquement compar&#233;es &#224; population et g&#233;ographie &#233;gale. Pour chaque pays, une m&#233;thode globale d'ajustement sera propos&#233;e en fonction de chaque contexte et les tendances seront r&#233;-&#233;valu&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'analyse sera compl&#233;t&#233;e par l'application des donn&#233;es &#224; deux mod&#232;les &#233;pid&#233;miques et les r&#233;sultats compar&#233;s avec l'Afrique du Sud (pays de r&#233;f&#233;rence en mati&#232;re de mod&#233;lisation). Une seconde s&#233;rie de missions permettra de v&#233;rifier la coh&#233;rence des analyses et le bien-fond&#233; des approches &#224; l'occasion d'un atelier de restitution avec les autorit&#233;s nationales et les chercheurs locaux. La collecte d'informations se fera dans les pays, avec les chercheurs nationaux et les coordinateurs Sud de l'ANRS. Les analyses statistiques seront essentiellement r&#233;alis&#233;es par Joseph LARMARANGE, sous la direction de Beno&#238;t FERRY. Le Centre Muraz apportera son appui technique et m&#233;thodologique aux diff&#233;rentes &#233;tapes de ce travail.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Mots-cl&#233;s&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pays en D&#233;veloppement, Pr&#233;valence, Mesure, Ajustements, M&#233;thodologie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div lang='en'&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Abstract&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This project is funded by the ANRS (second call for tenders 2005). At the ANRS's request, it was agreed to focus this work on ANRS sites : Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Senegal. This project is based on a partnership between the IRD and the Muraz Center on one hand, but also, more largely, with the national researchers and experts involved in the epidemic monitoring of each country.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Today, it is still difficult to have a precise knowledge of the current levels and tendencies of HIV prevalence epidemics, as shown by the recent revisions of UNAIDS estimates. In developing countries, most data come from antenatal clinical attendees and groups at risk. But national surveys in general population are increasingly frequent, in particular Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) which integrate now a HIV test module. It is important to compare these two sources of information and to refine the data by taking account of skews and specific context of each country.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This project aims at improving validation and adjustment methods of national HIV estimates ; at generalizing simple adjustments methods for a law cost ; at developing an adjustment protocol exploitable by epidemiologic models ; and at checking validity of two epidemic models applied to the three studied countries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Methodology selected is based primarily on a comparative and contextual analysis of various sources (antenatal clinical attendees, DHS, population census, cohort studies like the VIRUS project in Burkina Faso...). A first series of travels is provided in order to meet the national authorities, to collect the data and to establish the context of each country. The various sources will be systematically compared at equal population and geography. For each country, a global adjustment method will be proposed according to each context, and epidemic tendencies will be re estimated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The analysis will be complemented by the application of two epidemic models and the results compared with South Africa (reference country for modelling). Coherence of the analyses and validity of the approaches will be checked. At the same time a restitution workshop will be organized with the national authorities and the local researchers of each country.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Data gathering will be done in the countries with the national researchers and the Southern ANRS coordinators. Statistical analyses will be primarily carried out by Joseph LARMARANGE, under the direction of Beno&#238;t FERRY. The Muraz Centre will bring its technical and methodological support at the various stages of this work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Key-Words&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Developing Countries, Prevalence, Measure, Adjustments, Methodology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
&#192; consulter&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href='https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+' class=&#034;spip_in&#034;&gt;Cliquez sur ce lien pour voir l'ensemble des pages du site associ&#233;e &#224; ce projet.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Mapping HIV prevalence in Africa with national population-based data </title>
		<link>https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Mapping-HIV-prevalence-in-Africa</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/Mapping-HIV-prevalence-in-Africa</guid>
		<dc:date>2006-08-10T12:58:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Joseph LARMARANGE</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>VIH / SIDA</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pr&#233;valence du VIH</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>M&#233;thodologie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Interpolation spatiale</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cartographie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mod&#233;lisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Burkina Faso</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afrique subsaharienne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cameroun</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>prevR</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Abstract soumis pour la XVI&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; conf&#233;rence internationale sur le Sida qui a eu lieu &#224; Toronto en ao&#251;t 2006 et publi&#233; sur CD-Rom (abstract n&#176;&#160;CDC0494).&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/-Communications-" rel="directory"&gt;Communications&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalences-du-VIH-ANRS-12114-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valences du VIH (ANRS 12114)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-VIH-SIDA-+" rel="tag"&gt;VIH / SIDA&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Prevalence-du-VIH-+" rel="tag"&gt;Pr&#233;valence du VIH&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Methodologie-+" rel="tag"&gt;M&#233;thodologie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Interpolation-spatiale-+" rel="tag"&gt;Interpolation spatiale&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cartographie-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cartographie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-EDS-Enquetes-Demographiques-et-de-+" rel="tag"&gt;EDS (Enqu&#234;tes D&#233;mographiques et de Sant&#233;)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Modelisation-+" rel="tag"&gt;Mod&#233;lisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Burkina-Faso-+" rel="tag"&gt;Burkina Faso&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Afrique-subsaharienne-+" rel="tag"&gt;Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-Cameroun-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cameroun&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://www.joseph.larmarange.net/+-prevR-+" rel="tag"&gt;prevR&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abstract soumis pour la XVI&lt;sup class=&#034;typo_exposants&#034;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; conf&#233;rence internationale sur le Sida qui a eu lieu &#224; Toronto en ao&#251;t 2006 et publi&#233; sur CD-Rom (abstract n&#176;&#160;CDC0494).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;J. Larmarange&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Universit&#233; Ren&#233; Descartes Paris 5, Laboratoire PopInter (Populations et (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, S. Yaro&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, N. M&#233;da&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, R. Vallo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Coop&#233;ration Fran&#231;aise, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, B. Ferry&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;IRD - CEPED, UMR 151, Nogent Sur Marne Cedex, France&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Context&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several African countries have henceforth one Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in general population, with HIV testing and GPS data. Traditional spatial interpolation methods are not adapted to the sample surveys. So different ways are necessary to represent the epidemics on a map.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Methods&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We worked out two distinct approaches. The first reestimates the prevalence of a point from near points until having a sufficient number of observations. The second is a logistic regression including only spatial variables&#160;: region, urban/rural and distance to a city. In the both cases, a kriging interpolation is used to make an isopleths map. Precision indicators, confidence interval and seropositive population density are also generated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;All analysis was made under R software (free and open source project).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The results of two countries (Burkina Faso and Cameroon) were, with the collaboration of the national experts of these countries, compared with empirical knowledge of the epidemics. Lastly, this methodology was applied to a virtual country where DHS data were simulated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Results&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our first results highlight the spatial heterogeneity and diversity of the epidemics at national and regional levels. They point out some assumptions about HIV diffusion (from urban to rural, from some regions to others...).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They also invite to reconsider the weight of antenatal clinical attendees (ANC) surveillance in national estimation and they partly explain differences observed between DHS and ANC data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Conclusions&#160;:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite several limits (continuity assumption, non-household population exclusion and impossibility to bring to light very localized differentials), this method optimizes the use of DHS data, provides a more precise vision of the epidemics and constitutes a useful tool for programmatic action and analysis of sentinel surveillance biases.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
However, general population-based surveys need larger samples to understand the real spatial structure of the HIV epidemics better.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Universit&#233; Ren&#233; Descartes Paris 5, Laboratoire PopInter (Populations et Interdisciplinarit&#233;), Paris, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Coop&#233;ration Fran&#231;aise, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;IRD - CEPED, UMR 151, Nogent Sur Marne Cedex, France&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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