Joseph Larmarange

ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE @ AIDSImpact 2025: PrEP adoption & perceptions of long acting PrEP

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2025-05-30T14:21:01Z

Adoption of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d'Ivoire: complex trajectories and early adopters

Joseph Larmarange , Mélanie Plazy , Marcellin Nouaman , Evelyne Kissi , Rose-Marcelle Dedocoton , Patrick Coffie , Serge Eholié , Valentine Becquet

16th AIDSImpact Conference, AIDSImpact, May 2025, Casablanca, Morocco

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05090841

Adoption of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d'Ivoire: complex trajectories and early adopters

Introduction

The ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project (November 2019 - June 2023) implemented community-based sexual and reproductive health care, including preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), for female sex workers (FSWs) in the San Pedro region of Côte d'Ivoire, delivered through mobile clinics at prostitution sites in the San Pedro region. This presentation aims to describe PrEP trajectories and the factors associated with its use, focusing on “early adopters”.

Methods

A total of 489 women were enrolled in the PRINCESSE cohort. This analysis included 400 FSWs eligible for PrEP (HIV-negative, HBsAg-negative at baseline) enrolled up to December 2022 (i.e. enrolled at least 6 months before cohort closure). Clinical records were analyzed to describe PrEP cascade, follow-up, and PrEP trajectories. A multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with PrEP early adopters.

Results

The overall PrEP cascade showed that although 98% of eligible FSWs were interested in PrEP, only 62% initiated PrEP, and 39% renewed it at least once.

Follow-up was very short (<6 months) for 48% of FSWs, short (6-12 months) for 15%, seasonal (>12 months with a gap of 6 months between two visits) for 31%, and regular (>12 months with no gap) for 6%.

PrEP initiation was high among FSWs with regular (96%), seasonal (83%), or short (80%) follow-up, vs. 39% for those with very short follow-up. Among those who initiated, only 88% (regular), 70% (seasonal), 74% (short), and 35% (very short) renewed PrEP.

Among 148 FSWs with regular/seasonal follow-up, four PrEP trajectories were identified (cf. attached figure showing individual trajectories, each line representing a participant's PrEP journey): 15% never initiated PrEP; 39% initiated PrEP before stopping and expressing they were not interested anymore; 18% re-initiated PrEP after an episode of non-interest”; and 28% initiated and never expressed non-interest at a later stage. The last two groups were considered as “early adopters”. Significant factors associated with early PrEP adoption were the usual price of intercourse with clients <1500 FCFA (i.e. 2.3 EUR) (aOR=2.4 [1.2-4.8]) and working in brothels (aOR=3.2 [1.6-6.6]).

Conclusions

In PRINCESSE, loss-to-follow-up and seasonality of risks limited PrEP adoption. FSWs who were more precarious and less mobile became early adopters of this new prevention tool and could serve as potential ambassadors for promoting its uptake and demand creation.

Perception de la Prophylaxie préexposition à longue durée d'action chez les travailleuses du sexe et les HSH à San Pedro et Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Evelyne Kissi , Joseph Larmarange , Rose-Marcelle Dedocoton , Mélanie Plazy , Marcellin Nouaman , Patrick Coffie , Serge Eholié , Valentine Becquet

16th AIDSImpact Conference, AIDSImpact, May 2025, Casablanca, Maroc

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05090784

Perception de la Prophylaxie préexposition à longue durée d'action chez les travailleuses du sexe et les HSH à San Pedro et Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Introduction : Des recherches ont montré que l'utilisation et l'adhésion à la PrEP par voie orale peuvent être complexes au sein de certaines populations, telles que les travailleuses du sexe (TS) et les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d'autres hommes (HSH), notamment en raison de leur grande mobilité, d'une vie quotidienne imprévisible ou d'effets secondaires. Dans ce contexte, la PrEP à longue durée d'action (actuellement à différents stades de développement), telle que les injectables, le gel, les implants, les suppositoires vaginaux, les douches vaginales/anales ou les anneaux vaginaux, pourraient contribuer à surmonter certaines difficultés rencontrées avec la PrEP orale. Cette étude visait à explorer les perceptions de ces formulations à longue durée d'action parmi les TS et les HSH en Côte d'Ivoire.

Méthodologie : Inscrite dans le projet ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE, cette sous-étude qualitative a été menée en novembre-décembre 2023 au sein de deux ONG communautaires : Aprosam à San Pedro et Espace Confiance à Abidjan auprès des TS et HSH. Au total, 32 TS (19 naïves de PrEP et 13 expérimentées) et 12 HSH (3 naïfs de PrEP et 9 expérimentés) ont été interrogés (lors de14 entretiens individuels et 5 focus groups). Une analyse thématique s'est concentrée sur l'aspect pratique, la discrétion, l'autonomie, l'efficacité perçue et les effets secondaires anticipés des différentes formulations de PrEP à longue durée d'action.

Résultats : Les participants ont généralement exprimé des opinions favorables à l'égard de la PrEP à longue durée d'action, considérée comme une forme moins contraingrante que la PrEP par voie orale. Les injections ont été particulièrement appréciées pour leur discrétion (pas de marque visible), les injections semestrielles étant préférées. Quelques inquiétudes ont été exprimées quant à la douleur liée à l'injection. Le gel, assimilé à un lubrifiant, a séduit par sa double fonction de protection et de plaisir. Toutefois, certains participants ont exprimé des doutes quant à son efficacité. Bien que la durée d'action de l'implant (1 an) ait été appréciée, elle n'a pas été plébiscitée en raison du manque de discrétion (cicatrice) et des effets secondaires potentiels anticipés. L'autonomie et la facilité d'utilisation des suppositoires vaginaux sont perçues comme avantageuses, à condition que les conditions d'hygiène soient optimales ; les HSH font le parallèle avec les suppositoires anaux. Même si les douches vaginales sont largement pratiquées par les TS, la lotion de nettoyage intime de la PrEP a reçu des réactions mitigées de la part des TS, conscientes des risques d'un usage excessif. Enfin, l'anneau vaginal a suscité peu d'intérêt en raison de la méconnaissance de l'outil.

Conclusion : Dans l'ensemble, la PrEP à longue durée d'action peut offrir des options alternatives pour la prévention du VIH. Les éléments clés favorisant l'adoption à un format (PrEP à longue durée d'action) sont la facilité d'utilisation, un suivi simplifié (le moins souvent possible), des règles claires pour le démarrage et l'arrêt, la discrétion, l'efficacité perçue et les effets secondaires anticipés.

A Life course approach to investigate breast cancer and migration in the greater Paris area: the SENOVIE study protocol

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2025-04-03T15:40:18Z

A Life course approach to investigate breast cancer and migration in the greater Paris area: the SENOVIE study protocol

Karna Coulibaly , Clémence Schantz , Luis Teixeira , Annabel Desgrées du Loû , Gaëtan Des Guetz , Hamid Hocini , Laurent Zelek , Joseph Larmarange , Anne Gosselin

BMJ Open, 2025, 15 (4), pp.e095759. ⟨10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095759⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-05019538

Authors

Karna Coulibaly, Clémence Schantz, Luis Teixeira, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Gaëtan Des Guetz, Hamid Hocini, Laurent Zelek, Joseph Larmarange, Anne Gosselin, for the SENOVIE study group

Abstract

Introduction

Breast cancer is a global public health challenge. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Several inequalities remain among women facing this disease, depending on their country of birth and their sociodemographic characteristics. The SENOVIE study (Therapeutic mobility and breast cancer) aims to understand the life trajectories of women born in France and in sub-Saharan Africa treated for breast cancer in four hospitals in the greater Paris area.

Methods and analysis

The SENOVIE study is a mixed methods study, combining a quantitative and a qualitative approach. A quantitative retrospective life-event survey is conducted in four hospital centres in the greater Paris area, France, to (1) understand how breast cancer (diagnosis, treatment and possibly reconstruction) impacts the life trajectories of women in many spheres (migration, family life, professional life, financial situation, etc); (2) study the access to healthcare by women living with breast cancer and their determinants; and (3) examine how gender relations may shape breast cancer experience. Women born in France and women born in sub-Saharan Africa are recruited: 1000 women, including 500 per group. In the standardised, face-to-face questionnaire, each dimension of interest is collected year by year from birth until the time of the survey. Clinical and laboratory information is documented with a short medical questionnaire filled out by the medical teams. The qualitative survey is conducted specifically with women born in sub-Saharan Africa who came to France for treatment to better understand their trajectories and the specific obstacles they faced. To analyse the quantitative data collected, descriptive analyses will be used to visualise trajectories (sequence analysis), along with longitudinal analysis methods (survival models and duration models).

Ethics and dissemination

The study is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The French Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés, declaration number 2231238) and the Committee for Persons' Protection East I (Comité de Protection des Personnes Est I, national number 2023-A01311-44) approved it. We will disseminate the findings through scientific publications, policy briefs, conferences and workshops.

Trial registration number

The SENOVIE France study is registered on Clinicaltrial.gov (NCT06503393; registration date: 7 September 2024; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06503393).

SENOVIE

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2024-07-02T17:15:15Z

Responsable scientifique

Clémence Schantz

Partenaires

Liste complète sur https://www.ceped.org/senovie

France

IRD
Ined
CHU Saint-Louis (Senopôle), Paris
Hôpital Delafontaine, Saint-Denis
Inserm
UPEC
Université Paris Nanterre

Mali

Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie de Bamako
Association « Les Combattantes du Cancer », Bamako
INSP, Bamako
Centre de Santé de Référence de la Commune 2, Bamako
Hôpital du Mali, Bamako

Bénin

CNHU, Cotonou
Ministère de la santé, Cotonou
CHU-MEL, Cotonou

Cambodge

Hôpital Calmette, Phnom Penh
Douleurs sans frontière
Université des Beaux-Arts

Financements

Résumé

Le cancer du sein est le cancer le plus fréquent au monde. Dans de nombreux pays des Suds, les ressources thérapeutiques sont faibles, ce qui amène certaines femmes en quête de soins à quitter leur pays. Avec une approche biographique mixte (à la fois qualitative et quantitative), nous retraçons les parcours de vie de ces femmes et cherchons à préciser ce qu'impliquent ces mobilités thérapeutiques en termes de vécus et de ruptures biographiques. Afin d'avoir une vision globale de ces circulations, et afin de saisir les raisons qui amènent certaines femmes à partir, nous menons cette recherche en France (région Ile de France) mais aussi en Afrique de l'Ouest (Mali, Bénin) et Asie du Sud-Est (Cambodge). Avec le souci constant de co-contruire nos connaissances, et en impliquant des chercheures, des soignantes et des associations de femmes, cette recherche souhaite contribuer à la lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé et à la mise en lumière de ces cancers en Afrique de l'Ouest et en Asie du Sud-Est.

Mots-Clés

Migrations, Cancers, Genre, Afrique, Asie

Zones géographiques (terrains de recherche)

France, Mali, Bénin, Cambodge

Calendrier

2021-2026

Dernières publications

How a quantitative biographical approach can help in understanding the complex intersections of breast cancer, migration and gender ? The case of the SENOVIE France study

Karna Coulibaly , Clémence Schantz , Luis Teixeira , Gaetan Des Guetz , Laurent Zelek , Joseph Larmarange , Anne Gosselin

SLLS Annual Conference 2025, Society for Longitudinal and Lifecourse Studies, Sep 2025, Fribourg (Suisse), Switzerland

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05332921

The contribution of a quantitative biographical approach in studying the social and health trajectories of immigrant and French-born women receiving breast cancer care in the greater Paris area

Karna Coulibaly , Clémence Schantz , Annabel Desgrées du Loû , Anne Gosselin

22nd IMISCOE Annual Conference, IMISCOE, Jul 2025, Auberviliers, Campus Condorcet, France

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05332880

Global therapeutic mobilities and cancer: a scoping review

Clémence Schantz , Sarah Boisson , Léa Prost-Lançon , Emmanuel Bonnet , Aurélien Dancoisne , Myriam Baron , Audrey Bochaton

BMJ Open, 2025, 15 (6), pp.e089780. ⟨10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089780⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-05124533

Knowledge transfer interventions on cancer in Africa and Asia: a scoping review

Julie Robin , Clémence Schantz , Madani Ly , Bakary Abou Traore , Kadiatou Faye , Aurélien Dancoisne , Valéry Ridde

BMC Cancer, 2025, 25 (1), pp.704. ⟨10.1186/s12885-025-14061-8⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-05111610

A Life course approach to investigate breast cancer and migration in the greater Paris area: the SENOVIE study protocol

Karna Coulibaly , Clémence Schantz , Luis Teixeira , Annabel Desgrées du Loû , Gaëtan Des Guetz , Hamid Hocini , Laurent Zelek , Joseph Larmarange , Anne Gosselin

BMJ Open, 2025, 15 (4), pp.e095759. ⟨10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095759⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-05019538

Réfléchir sur les cancers du sein en interdisciplinarité et à la lumière des rapports sociaux de genre : retour réflexif sur le projet SENOVIE

Clémence Schantz , Sarah Boisson , Joseph Larmarange , Luis Teixeira

XXIIe Congrès International des Sociologues de Langue Française, AISLF, Jul 2024, Ottawa, Canada

Communication dans un congrès

hal-04639785

Associations de lutte contre les cancers du sein en Île-de-France : quelles implications auprès des femmes immigrées d'Afrique subsaharienne ?

Clémence Schantz , Marie Bottin , Léa Prost , Louise Ludet , Gaëtan Des Guetz , Luis Teixeira , Myriam Baron , Groupe Senovie

Santé Publique, 2024, 36 (4), pp.47-59. ⟨10.3917/spub.244.0047⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-04730706

The challenge of radiotherapy in the fight against cancer in French-speaking West Africa

Clémence Schantz

The social and political lives of new cancer technologies in the global South, Fondation Brocher, Jun 2024, Geneva, Switzerland

Communication dans un congrès

hal-04612608

Amazons in Mali? Women's experiences of breast cancer and gender (re)negotiation

Clémence Schantz , Abdourahmane Coulibaly , Kadiatou Faye , Drissa Traoré

Social Science & Medicine, 2024, 348, pp.116874. ⟨10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116874⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-04593224

Plan de gestion des données du projet SENOVIE France

Anne Gosselin , Karna Coulibaly , Joseph Larmarange , Clémence Schantz

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). 2024

Rapport

hal-04563793

Voir la liste complète des publications

Décrire les épidémies, Comprendre les populations : une démographie du VIH en Afrique subsaharienne

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2022-10-14T06:38:12Z

Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches soutenue le 12 octobre 2012 par Joseph Larmarange à l'Université Paris Cité.
Décrire les épidémies, Comprendre les populations : une démographie du VIH en Afrique subsaharienne
Joseph Larmarange Démographie. Université Paris Cité, 2022 HDR tel-03814024

- Publications / Afrique subsaharienne, ATLAS, CAP-CoV-Soignants-BF, DOD-CI (ANRS 12287 / 12323), ELIHoS (ANRS 12139), PrEP CI (ANRS 12361), Prévalences du VIH (ANRS 12114), prevR, PRINCESSE, TasP (ANRS 12249), Afrique du Sud, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Sénégal, Accès aux soins, Analyse de séquences, Approches biographiques, Approches communautaires, Autotests VIH, Cartographie, Cascade des soins, Comparaison de cohortes, Comportements sexuels, Démographie, Dépistage, EDS (Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé), Enquêtes par téléphone, Enseignement académique, Lien vers les soins, Épidémiologie, Essais cliniques, Estimateurs à noyau (kernel density estimation), Femmes enceintes, Financement des programmes, Hépatites virales, Homo / Bisexualités, Identités sexuelles, Incidence du VIH, Interpolation spatiale, IST (Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles), Itinéraires thérapeutiques, Masculinités, Ménages, Mesure d'impact, Mesure des indicateurs, Méthodologie, Migrations, Observatoire de population, Partenaires sexuel(le)s, PrEP, Prévalence du VIH, Prévention, Prise en charge, Recherche interventionnelle, Recherche participative/communautaire, Recrutement « boules de neige », Représentations / Perceptions, Représentativité et Biais, Santé publique, Santé sexuelle, Structure des populations, Structures de santé, Surveillance sentinelle, Téléphones mobiles, Temporalités, Traitement antirétroviral (ARV), Travail du sexe, Treatment as Prevention (TasP), Universal Test & Treat (UTT), Usageres de drogue, VIH / SIDA

24th International AIDS Conference @ Montreal

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2022-08-08T18:58:39Z

Oral communications and poster presented at the 24^th International AIDS Conference 2022 in Montreal.

List of communications

Larmarange Joseph (2022) “Self-Testing, Empowerment and Self-Care: perspectives from lessons learned in implementing HIV self-testing in West Africa” (communication orale (symposium SA019), presented at the 24th International AIDS Conference, Montreal. https://programme.aids2022.org/Programme/Session/107.

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Larmarange - 2022 - Self-Testing, Empowerment and Self-Care perspecti.pdf 1.8 MiB

Nouaman Marcellin, Coffie Patrick A, Plazy Mélanie, Becquet Valentine, Agoua Aline, Zébago Clémence, Dao Hervé, Larmarange Joseph, Eholié Serge and ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE study group (2022) “Prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female sex workers in San Pedro, Côte d'Ivoire (ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE)” (poster), presented at the 24th International AIDS Conference, Montreal. https://programme.aids2022.org/Abstract/Abstract/?abstractid=6713.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: The ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE study is an interventional single-arm cohort. Participants recruitment started in November 2019. The study aimed to evaluate a comprehensive and community-based care offer among FSWs aged '¥ 18 years in the San Pedro area. METHODS: Care services included quarterly syndromic screening for STIs, as well as vaginal and anal swabs for the screening of chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at M0, M12 and M24. At the same visits, identification of dysplasias and precancerous lesions of the cervix was performed by visual inspection after applying acetic acid and Lugol's iodine. STIs were managed according to the national algorithm. We describe (i) the characteristics of cervical lesions as well as the prevalence of STIs (syndromic and PCR) and associated symptoms and (ii) the incidence of syndromic STIs during follow-up. RESULTS: In November 2021, 372 FSWs were included. The median age was 29 years, 34% had never been to school, 56% were Ivorian, and the median duration of sex work was 2 years. At inclusion, 4.7% [95% confidence interval: 2.8-7.5] had cervical lesions with 3.5% leukoplakia and 2.2% haemorrhagic cervical junction zone. The prevalence of syndromic STIs was 17.2% [13.0-22.6]; associated clinical signs were vaginal discharge (13.7%), vaginal ulceration (2.1%), lower abdominal pain (4.3%) and cervical inflammation (2.6%). The prevalence of anovaginal CT and NG were 8.7% [6.2- 12.1] and 10.4% [7.6- 13.9], respectively; clinical signs were found in 2.4% of CT-positive and 12.2% of NG-positive FSWs. Most FSWs with syndromic STIs did not have CT or NG infection. During the follow-up, 82 cases of syndromic STIs were observed per 209 person-years, i.e. an incidence of 39.1% [31.1- 49.0]. PCR data at M12 and M24 are being consolidated and will allow estimating the incidence of CT and NG. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence and incidence of syndromic STIs were observed among FSWs, highlighting the importance and the interest of a regular follow-up. The results also showed the predominantly asymptomatic nature of STIs discovered by PCR in this at-risk population and, therefore, the importance of coupling syndromic screening and PCR analyses.

Nouaman et al. - 2022 - Prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted i.pdf 832 KiB

Plazy Mélanie, Nouaman Marcellin, Becquet Valentine, Agoua Aline, Zébago Clémence, Dao Hervé, Coffie Patrick A, Eholié Serge, Larmarange Joseph and ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE study group (2022) “Delays to PrEP initiation among female sex workers in Côte d'Ivoire (ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project)” (poster), presented at the 24th International AIDS Conference, Montreal. https://programme.aids2022.org/Abstract/Abstract/?abstractid=6824.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe the delays to initiation of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers (FSW) in Côte d''Ivoire. METHODS: The ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project is a single-arm interventional cohort aiming to evaluate the implementation of a comprehensive and community-based care offer among FSW aged '¥18 years in the San Pedro region since end-2019, through a mobile clinic operating on 10 prostitution sites (visited every two weeks). PrEP is offered to all HIV-positive FSW after verifying the creatinine level (results valid for one month). We described the time between FSW's interest for PrEP and PrEP initiation (or end of follow-up) among HIV- and hepatitis B virus-negative (HBsAg-) FSW included until end-October 2021. The probability of PrEP initiation since PrEP interest is described through a Kaplan-Meier curve censored on end-November 2021 (an analysis censored at the date of the last visit was also conducted). RESULTS: Of the 362 FSW included in the PRINCESSE cohort, 302 were HIV-/AgHBs-, and for 296 of them, PrEP was presented by medical staff (95.2% at inclusion). In total, 292 FSW expressed PrEP interest, and 192 (65.8%) initiated PrEP: 18 on the same day (the biological test having been performed during a previous visit), 148 during the next visit (median time since interest: 3 weeks [Inter-Quartile Range: 2-6]) and 26 during a subsequent visit (median time: 20 weeks [9-36]). The probability of PrEP initiation after PrEP interest was 39.0% at 1 month and 56.6% at 3 months (censoring on the date of the last visit, these proportions were 50.7% and 74.6%, respectively). Among the 100 FSW who did not initiate PrEP despite expressing interest, 68 were never seen again in the project; 4 declared that they were no longer interested in PrEP (median time since interest: 12 weeks [10-19]), 1 was tested HIV+ (delay of 2 weeks), and 27 were seen >1 month later (their biological tests were no longer valid). CONCLUSIONS: Despite strong PrEP interest among FSW, PrEP initiation remained suboptimal. Barriers to PrEP initiation should be more explored and considered to find appropriate solutions to make PrEP effective among this specific key population.

Plazy et al. - 2022 - Delays to PrEP initiation among female sex workers.pdf 484.6 KiB

Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Soni Nirali, Simo Fotso Arlette, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, N'Guessan Kouakou, Mukandavire Christinah, Vickerman Peter, Keita Abdelaye, Ndour Cheikh Tidiane, Larmarange Joseph, Boily Marie Claude and ATLAS Team (2022) “Identifying population-specific HIV diagnosis gaps in Western Africa and assessing their impact on new infections: a modelling analysis for Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal” (poster), presented at the 24th International AIDS Conference, Montreal. https://programme.aids2022.org/Abstract/Abstract/?abstractid=4243.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Progress towards HIV elimination in Western Africa may be hindered by diagnosis gaps among people living with HIV (PLHIV), especially among key populations (KP) such as female sex workers (FSW), their clients, and men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to identify largest gaps in diagnosis by risk group in Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal, and project their contribution to new HIV infections. METHODS: Deterministic models of HIV transmission/diagnosis/treatment that incorporate HIV transmission among KP were parameterized following comprehensive country-specific reviews of demographic, behavioural, HIV and intervention data. The model was calibrated to country- and group-specific empirical outcomes such as HIV incidence/prevalence, the fractions of PLHIV ever tested, diagnosed, and on treatment. We estimated the distribution of undiagnosed PLHIV by risk group in 2020 and the population-attributable-fractions (tPAFs) (i.e. fraction of new primary and secondary HIV infections 2020-2029 originating from risk groups of undiagnosed PLHIV). RESULTS: From 46% (95% UI: 38-58) to 69% (59-79) of undiagnosed PLHIV in 2020 were males, with the lowest proportion in Mali and the highest proportion in Senegal, where 41% (28-59) of undiagnosed PLHIV were MSM. Undiagnosed men are estimated to contribute most new HIV infections occurring over 2020-2029 (Table). Undiagnosed FSW and their clients contribute substantial proportions of new HIV infections in Mali, with tPAF=20% (10-36) and tPAF=43% (26-56), respectively, while undiagnosed MSM in Senegal are estimated to contribute half of new infections. A lower proportion of new HIV infections are transmitted by undiagnosed KP in Côte d'Ivoire (tPAF=21%(10-38)). CONCLUSIONS: Current HIV testing services and approaches are leaving members of KP behind. Increasing the availability of confidential HIV testing modalities in addition to traditional tests may substantially reduce gaps in HIV diagnosis and accelerate the decrease of new HIV infections in Western Africa since half of them could be transmitted by undiagnosed KP.

Silhol et al. - 2022 - Identifying population-specific HIV diagnosis gaps.pdf 288.9 KiB

Simo Fotso Arlette, Johnson Cheryl, Vautier Anthony, Kouamé Konan Blaise, Diop Papa Moussa, Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Rouveau Nicolas, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Baggaley Rachel, Ehui Eboi, Larmarange Joseph and ATLAS Team (2022) “Estimating the impact of HIV self-testing on HIV testing services, diagnoses, and treatment initiation at the population-level with routine data: the example of the ATLAS program in Côte d'Ivoire” (poster), presented at the 24th International AIDS Conference, Montreal. https://programme.aids2022.org/Abstract/Abstract/?abstractid=5409.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a critical testing approach particularly for reaching those at HIV risk who are hesitant or unable to access existing services. While the discreet and flexible nature of HIVST is appealing to users, these features can limit the ability for programmes to monitor and estimate the population-level impacts of HIVST implementation. This study triangulates publicly available routine programme data from Côte d'Ivoire in order estimate the effects of HIVST distribution on access to testing, conventional testing (self-testing excluded), HIV diagnoses, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiations. METHODS: We used quarterly programmatic data (Q3-2019 to Q1-2021) from ATLAS, a project that aims to promote and implement network-based HIVST distribution in West Africa, in addition to routine HIV testing services program data obtained from the PEPFAR dashboard. We performed ecological time series regression using linear mixed-models. RESULTS: Between Q3-2019 and Q1-2021, 99,353 HIVST kits were distributed by ATLAS in 78 health districts included in the analysis. The results (Table 1) show a negative but non-significant effect of the number of ATLAS HIVST on the volume of conventional tests (-190), suggesting the possibility of a slight substitution effect. Despite this, the the beneficial effect on access to testing is significant: for each 1000 HIVST distributed via ATLAS, 390 to 590 additional HIV tests were performed if 60% to 80% of HIVST are used . The effect of HIVST on HIV diagnosis was significant and positive, with 8 additional diagnoses per 1,000 HIVST distributed. No effect of HIVST was observed on ART initiations. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a standard methodology for estimating the population-level impact of HIVST that can be used across countries. It shows that HIVST distribution was associated with increased access to HIV testing and diagnosis in Côte d'Ivoire. Wide-scale adoption of this method will improve HIVST data quality and inform evidence-based programming.

Simo Fotso et al. - 2022 - Estimating the impact of HIV self-testing on HIV t.pdf 541.2 KiB

Stannah James, Flores Anato Jorge Luis, Mitchell Kate M, Larmarange Joseph, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu and Boily Marie‐Claude (2022) “Improving our understanding of how structural determinants impact HIV epidemics: a scoping review of dynamic models to guide future research” (poster), presented at the 24th International AIDS Conference, Montreal. https://programme.aids2022.org/Abstract/Abstract/?abstractid=6564.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dynamic models of HIV transmission have proven valuable tools for informing HIV prevention strategies. Including structural determinants in models is crucial to estimate their population-level impacts on HIV transmission and inform efforts towards HIV elimination. However, this is challenging due to a lack of coherent conceptual frameworks, limited understanding of their specific causal pathways, and few empirical estimates of their impacts on downstream mediators. METHODS: With the overarching aim to improve models, we conducted a scoping review of studies that used dynamic HIV transmission models to evaluate the impact of structural determinants. From included studies, we extracted information on the types of structural determinants and methods used to model their impacts on HIV transmission. We appraised studies on how they conceptualized structural exposures and represented their causal relationships over time within models. RESULTS: We identified 9 dynamic transmission modelling studies that incorporated structural determinants of HIV, including violence (N=3), incarceration (N=2), stigma (N=2), housing instability (N=2), migration (N=1), and education (N=1). Only one study modelled multiple determinants simultaneously. In most models, structural determinants were conceptualized using current, recent, non-recent and/or lifetime exposure categories. Modelled structural determinants largely impacted HIV transmission through mediated effects on one or more proximate risk factors, including sharing injection equipment, condom use, number of partners, and access to treatment. However, causal pathways were simplistic, with few mediators and/or lack of clear empirical justification. To measure impact, most studies simply assumed the elimination of structural determinants in counterfactual comparison scenarios. Few models included long-term and/or delayed effects of past, recurrent, or acute exposure, potentially overestimating impacts of determinants. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the importance of structural determinants for HIV prevention, methods for including them in dynamic HIV transmission models remain insufficient. Few studies have attempted to incorporate structural determinants in HIV models, and methods vary considerably. To improve inferences, models should adopt precise exposure definitions, deconstruct and estimate their complex causal pathways, and translate them into their mechanistic components. The need for development of coherent frameworks to conceptualize the synergistic interplay between strengthened empirical data analysis and the inclusion of structural determinants in dynamic models is pressing.

Stannah et al. - 2022 - Improving our understanding of how structural dete.pdf 538.6 KiB

Replay

A community-based healthcare package combining testing and prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), immediate HIV treatment, management of hepatitis B virus, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), targeting female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d'Ivoire: the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2021-12-06T09:50:35Z

Protocol paper of the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project.

A community-based healthcare package combining testing and prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), immediate HIV treatment, management of hepatitis B virus, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), targeting female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d'Ivoire: the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project

Valentine Becquet , Marcellin Nouaman , Mélanie Plazy , Aline Agoua , Clémence Zébago , Hervé Dao , Alice Montoyo , Aude Jary , Patrick A. Coffie , Serge Eholié , Joseph Larmarange

BMC Public Health, 2021, 21 (1), pp.2214. ⟨10.1186/s12889-021-12235-0⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-03467822

Authors

Valentine Becquet, Marcellin Nouaman, Mélanie Plazy, Aline Agoua, Clémence Zébago, Hervé Dao, Alice Montoyo, Aude Jary, Patrick A. Coffie, Serge Eholié, Joseph Larmarange & and the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE team

Abstract

Background

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended by the WHO for HIV prevention among female sex workers (FSWs). A study conducted in 2016–2017 in Côte d'Ivoire showed that if PrEP is acceptable, FSWs also have many uncovered sexual health needs. Based on this evidence, the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project was developed in collaboration with a community-based organization. The main objective is to develop, document, and analyze a comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare package among FSWs in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods

PRINCESSE is an open, single-arm interventional cohort of 500 FSWs in San Pedro (Côte d'Ivoire) and its surroundings. Recruitment started on November 26^th, 2019 and is ongoing; the cohort is planned to last at least 30 months. The healthcare package (including HIV, hepatitis B, and sexually transmitted infection management, pregnancy screening, and contraception) is available both at mobile clinics organized for a quarterly follow-up (10 intervention sites, each site being visited every two weeks) and at a fixed clinic.

Four waves of data collection were implemented: (i) clinical and safety data; (ii) socio-behavioral questionnaires; (iii) biological data; and (iv) in-depth interviews with female participants. Four additional waves of data collection are scheduled outside the cohort itself: (i) the medical and activity records of Aprosam for the PRINCESSE participants; (ii) the medical records of HIV+ FSW patients not participating in the PRINCESSE cohort, and routinely examined by Aprosam; (iii) in-depth interviews with key informants in the FSW community; and (iv) in-depth interviews with PRINCESSE follow-up actors.

Discussion

The PRINCESSE project is one of the first interventions offering HIV oral PrEP as part of a more global sexual healthcare package targeting both HIV- and HIV+ women. Second, STIs and viral hepatitis B care were offered to all participants, regardless of their willingness to use PrEP. Another innovation is the implementation of mobile clinics for chronic/quarterly care. In terms of research, PRINCESSE is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary project combining clinical, biological, epidemiological, and social specific objectives and outcomes to document the operational challenges of a multidisease program in real-life conditions.

Trial registration

The PRINCESSE project was registered on the Clinicaltrial.gov website (NCT03985085) on June 13, 2019.

Temporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of Universal Test and Treat: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2019-10-28T09:56:48Z

This paper was published in the Journal of the International AIDS Society in October 2019.

Authors

Joseph Larmarange, Mamadou H Diallo, Nuala McGrath, Collins Iwuji, Mélanie Plazy, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Frank Tanser, Till Bärnighausen, Joanna Orne‐Gliemann, Deenan Pillay, François Dabis for the ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group

Abstract

Introduction

The universal test‐and‐treat (UTT) strategy aims to maximize population viral suppression (PVS), that is, the proportion of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virally suppressed, with the goal of reducing HIV transmission at the population level. This article explores the extent to which temporal changes in PVS explain the observed lack of association between universal treatment and cumulative HIV incidence seen in the ANRS 12249 TasP trial conducted in rural South Africa.

Methods

The TasP cluster‐randomized trial (2012 to 2016) implemented six‐monthly repeat home‐based HIV counselling and testing (RHBCT) and referral of PLHIV to local HIV clinics in 2 × 11 clusters opened sequentially. ART was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of CD4 count in intervention clusters. We measured residency status, HIV status, and HIV care status for each participant on a daily basis. PVS was computed per cluster among all resident PLHIV (≥16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. We used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in PVS, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at the cluster level.

Results

8563 PLHIV were followed. During the course of the trial, PVS increased significantly in both arms (23.5% to 46.2% in intervention, +22.8, p < 0.001; 26.0% to 44.6% in control, +18.6, p < 0.001). That increase was similar in both arms (p = 0.514). In the final adjusted model, PVS increase was most associated with increased RHBCT and the implementation of local trial clinics (measured by time since cluster opening). Contextual changes (measured by calendar time) also contributed slightly. The effect of universal ART (trial arm) was positive but limited.

Conclusions

PVS was improved significantly but similarly in both trial arms, explaining partly the null effect observed in terms of cumulative HIV incidence between arms. The PVS gains due to changes in ART‐initiation guidelines alone are relatively small compared to gains obtained by strategies to maximize testing and linkage to care. The achievement of the 90‐90‐90 targets will not be met if the operational and implementational challenges limiting access to care and treatment, often context‐specific, are not properly addressed. Clinical trial number: NCT01509508 (clinicalTrials.gov)/DOH‐27‐0512‐3974 (South African National Clinical Trials Register).

Reference

Larmarange Joseph, Diallo Mamadou H, McGrath Nuala, Iwuji Collins, Plazy Mélanie, Thiébaut Rodolphe, Tanser Frank, Bärnighausen Till, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François and ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group (2019) “Temporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of Universal Test and Treat: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa”, Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22 (10) (October 22), p. e25402. DOI : 10.1002/jia2.25402. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jia2.25402.

de PrEP-CI à PRINCESSE… construction d'une offre en santé sexuelle et reproductive à destination des travailleuses du sexe en Côte d'Ivoire

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2019-06-07T12:00:00Z

Communication orale présentée le 7 juin 2019 dans le cadre d'une journée d'études “La Recherche en sciences sociales sur la prophylaxie pré-exposition (PrEP)” organisée par le Réseau des Jeunes Chercheurs en Sciences Sociales sur le VIH/sida. Référence
Larmarange Joseph (2019) “De PrEP-CI à PRINCESSE… construction d'une offre en santé sexuelle et reproductive à destination des travailleuses du sexe en Côte d'Ivoire” (communication orale), presented at the Journée d'études “La Recherche en (…)

- Communications / VIH / SIDA, Prévention, Itinéraires thérapeutiques, Accès aux soins, Côte d'Ivoire, Prise en charge, Travail du sexe, Hépatites virales, PrEP, Santé sexuelle, Incidence du VIH, PRINCESSE

PRINCESSE · PrEP, infections sexuellement transmissibles, contraception, hépatite virale B, santé sexuelle pour les travailleuses du sexe en Côte d'Ivoire

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2018-07-19T10:22:40Z

Responsables scientifiques

Joseph LARMARANGE (Ceped)
Serge EHOLIE (PAC-CI)

Partenariat

Financement

Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)

Enregistrement sur clinicaltrials.org

NCT03985085

Résumé

Suite aux résultats du projet exploratoire PrEP-CI (ANRS 12361) portant sur la question de la faisabilité et de la pertinence d'un programme PrEP auprès des travailleuses du sexe (TS) en Côte d'Ivoire, nous avons conçu, conjointement avec les acteurs communautaires ivoiriens, une intervention de santé dénommée PRINCESSE, portant sur une offre de soins globale en santé sexuelle et reproductive à destination des travailleuses du sexe de la région de San Pedro.

L'originalité de cette intervention réside dans la combinaison d'une offre de prophylaxie préexposition VIH (pour les TS VIH-) avec une prise en charge précoce des femmes VIH+, la prise en compte de l'infection au VHB (dépistage, vaccination et traitement), le dépistage et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles et de leurs conséquences, une offre de contraception, un conseil en gestion des menstrues et le repérage des situations de dépendance. La mise en œuvre de ce dispositif sera réalisée en partenariat avec une ONG communautaire (Aprosam), au travers de sa clinique fixe déjà existante et d'une clinique mobile adaptée à un suivi trimestriel directement sur les sites prostitutionnels.

Objectif principal

Développer, documenter et analyser une offre de soins communautaire combinant dépistage, prévention combinée dont prophylaxie préexposition (PrEP), traitement immédiat du VIH, prise en charge de l'hépatite B et santé sexuelle et reproductive (SSR) afin de réduire l'exposition au VIH des travailleuses du sexe (TS) et de leurs partenaires en Côte d'Ivoire.

Objectifs secondaires

Analyser l'accès aux soins et la rétention, et plus généralement le parcours de soins des participantes, dans un suivi trimestriel des TS (infectées ou non par le VIH)
Mesurer l'évolution au cours du temps de l'état de santé des participantes via des indicateurs cliniques, comportementaux et sociaux
Évaluer l'initiation, les usages et l'observance à la PrEP
Comparer la prise en charge VIH dans le dispositif PRINCESSE avec la prise en charge en routine existante
Mesurer le dépistage, la vaccination et le traitement de l'hépatite B dans le cadre d'une prise en charge décentralisée intégrée à une offre de PrEP VIH ainsi que les interactions éventuelles entre PrEP VIH et infection au VHB
Documenter les conséquences (positives ou négatives) non prévues du dispositif PRINCESSE sur le quotidien des participantes en particulier et sur le marché du travail du sexe en général

Méthodologie

Le dispositif PRINCESSE est une cohorte interventionnelle mono-bras de 500 travailleuses du sexe à San Pedro (400 VIH- et 100 VIH+).

Quatre dispositifs de collecte de données sont intégrés à la cohorte : (i) données cliniques et de pharmacovigilance, (ii) questionnaires socio-comportementaux, (iii) données biologiques et (iv) entretiens approfondis avec les participantes.

Quatre collectes additionnelles sont prévues en dehors de la cohorte elle-même : (i) la capture des registres d'activités en stratégie avancée des paires éducatrices ; (ii) la capture des dossiers médicaux des patientes VIH+ ne participant pas à la cohorte PRINCESSE et vues en routine par l'ONG partenaires ; (iii) des entretiens approfondis avec des informateurs-trices clés dans la communauté des TS ; (iv) des entretiens approfondis avec les acteurs du suivi PRINCESSE (paires-éducatrices et soignants).

Nombre de participantes

500 participantes (100 VIH+ et 400 VIH-)

Critères de jugement

Taux de complétion des visites trimestrielles.
Proportion avec au moins une IST à M0, M12 et M24
Survenue d'une grossesse non désirée
Initiation de la PrEP
Observance à la PrEP
Rétention dans les soins VIH à M18
Survenue d'un échec virologique
Taux de vaccination VHB
Évolution au cours du temps de la charge virale VHB et du niveau de Fibrose (mesurée par l'algorithme FIB-4)
Augmentation des transaminases (flares) après l'arrêt de la PrEP
Évaluation qualitative des évènements sociaux indésirables survenus dans le quotidien des participantes et des non participantes

Intervention

Mise en œuvre d'une offre de soins globale en santé sexuelle et reproductive à destination des travailleuses (TS) du sexe en Côte d'Ivoire, combinant une offre de PrEP VIH (pour les TS VIH-) avec une prise en charge précoce des femmes VIH+, la prise en compte de l'infection par le VHB (dépistage, vaccination et traitement), le dépistage et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) et de leurs conséquences, une offre de contraception, un dépistage trimestriel des grossesses, un conseil en gestion des menstrues et le repérage des situations de dépendance.
Cette offre de santé sera disponible à la fois dans des cliniques mobiles organisées pour un suivi trimestriel (10 sites d'interventions, chaque site étant visité toutes les deux semaines) et dans la clinique fixe de l'ONG communautaire partenaire, au choix de chaque participante.

Enregistrement

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier : NCT03985085

Mots-Clés

VIH/Sida, Hépatites virales, PrEP, Santé sexuelle et reproductive, Dépistage, Prévention, Traitement, Travail du Sexe, Cliniques mobiles.

Zone géographique

Côte d'Ivoire

Calendrier

2018-2021

Publications

Évaluation des infections sexuellement transmissibles dans une stratégie avancée d'offre combinée de santé sexuelle dont la prophylaxie préexposition chez des travailleuses du sexe en Côte d'Ivoire

N'zébo Marcellin Nouaman

Médecine humaine et pathologie. Université de Bordeaux, 2025. Français. ⟨NNT : 2025BORD0173⟩

Thèse

tel-05324982

Perceptions regarding long-acting pre-exposure prevention (PrEP) among female sex workers and men having sex with men in San Pedro and Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Evelyne Kissi , Joseph Larmarange , Rose-Marcelle Dedocoton , Mélanie Plazy , Marcellin Nouaman , Patrick Coffie , Serge Eholié , Valentine Becquet

IAS 2025, the 13th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Jul 2025, Kigali, Rwanda.

Poster de conférence

hal-05163769

Adoption of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d'Ivoire: complex trajectories and early adopters

Joseph Larmarange , Mélanie Plazy , Marcellin Nouaman , Evelyne Kissi , Rose-Marcelle Dedocoton , Patrick Coffie , Serge Eholié , Valentine Becquet

IAS 2025, the 13th IAS Conference on HIV Science, International AIDS Society, Jul 2025, Kigali, Rwanda

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05163730

Adoption of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d'Ivoire: complex trajectories and early adopters

Joseph Larmarange , Mélanie Plazy , Marcellin Nouaman , Evelyne Kissi , Rose-Marcelle Dedocoton , Patrick Coffie , Serge Eholié , Valentine Becquet

16th AIDSImpact Conference, AIDSImpact, May 2025, Casablanca, Morocco

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05090841

Perception de la Prophylaxie préexposition à longue durée d'action chez les travailleuses du sexe et les HSH à San Pedro et Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Evelyne Kissi , Joseph Larmarange , Rose-Marcelle Dedocoton , Mélanie Plazy , Marcellin Nouaman , Patrick Coffie , Serge Eholié , Valentine Becquet

16th AIDSImpact Conference, AIDSImpact, May 2025, Casablanca, Maroc

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05090784

Sex work in Bolivia during the Covid-19 crisis: intersectional impact and adaptative strategies

Juliana Castro Avila , Harold Mendoza , Nicolas Lorente , Marion Di Ciaccio , Edgar Valdez , Daniela Rojas Castro , Valentine Becquet

16th AIDSImpact Conference, AIDSImpact, May 2025, Casablanca, Morocco

Communication dans un congrès

hal-05460133

Leçons apprises du projet ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE en Côte d'Ivoire

Joseph Larmarange , Aline Agoua , Hervé Dao , Mama Kate , Mélanie Plazy , Clémence Zébago , Evelyne Kissi , Marcellin Nouaman , Chef d'État Major , Valentine Becquet , Serge Eholié , Hector Juliard , Rose-Marcelle Dedocoton , Patrick Coffie

2025

Vidéo

hal-05090854

Syndromic and biological screening for sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers in Côte d'Ivoire: the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE cohort study

Marcellin N'zebo Nouaman , Patrick Ahuatchi Coffie , Aline Agoua , Clémence Zébago , Hervé Dao , Evelyne Kissi , Séverin Lenaud , Mian Anatole , Valentine Becquet , Mélanie Plazy , François Dabis , Serge Eholie , Joseph Larmarange

Frontiers in Public Health, 2025, 13, ⟨10.3389/fpubh.2025.1535122⟩

Article dans une revue

hal-04990223

VIH : des solutions préventives à longue durée prometteuses

Louise Hurel , Christian Laurent , Joseph Larmarange , Karna Coulibaly

2024

Article de blog scientifique

hal-04815258

Documentation des tables analytiques de la cohorte 2019-2023 du projet PRINCESSE (Côte d'Ivoire)

Marcellin Nouaman , Valentine Becquet , Mélanie Plazy , Aline Agoua , Clémence Zébago , Hervé Dao , Aude Jary , Patrick Coffie , Serge Eholié , Joseph Larmarange

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). 2024

Rapport

hal-04715381

Voir la liste complète des publications

From individual care trajectories to HIV care cascade at population level in rural KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa): the impact of population dynamics

Joseph LARMARANGE — 2018-06-06T14:57:15Z

Oral communication presented May 31 2018 at Life History Research Society Conference in Paris.

Authors

Joseph Larmarange, Mamadou Hassimiou Diallo, Nuala McGrath, Collins Iwuji, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Frank Tanser, Till Bärninghausen, Deenan Pillay, François Dabis, Joanna Orne-Gliemann for the ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group

Abstract

Introduction

The universal test-and-treat strategy (UTT) was developed to maximize the proportion of all HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral and virally suppressed, assuming that it leads to reduction in HIV incidence. The evolution over time of the cross-sectional population HIV care cascade is determined by longitudinal individual trajectories through the HIV care continuum and the underlying HIV population dynamics. This structural effect could dilute the impact observed at population level of a UTT strategy RT: either add impact on what (incidence) or delete sentence. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the contribution of each component of population change on the population HIV care cascade in the context of UTT.

Sample

We used prospective individual-level longitudinal data from the ANRS 12249 cluster-randomized trial which was implemented in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between 2012 and 2016 to test such an approach.

Methods

HIV tests results and information on clinic visits, ART prescription, viral load and CD4 count, migration and deaths were used to calculate residency status, HIV status and HIV care status for each individual on a daily basis. Position within the HIV care continuum was considered as a score ranging from 0 (undiagnosed) to 4 (virally suppressed). We compared the cascade score of each individual joining or leaving the HIV population with the average score of their cluster at the time of entry or exit. Then, we computed the contribution of each event on the average cascade score and the annualised total contribution of all events, considering 5 components of HIV population change: aging into the cohort, HIV seroconversions, in-migrations, out-migrations, and permanent exits (including deaths).

Results

While the average cascade score increased over time in all clusters, that increase was limited due to population dynamics, the total contribution of all population entries and exits being negative. Permanent exits and individuals already infected when reaching the age of 16 had a marginal effect. Although migrants had a lower position than the rest of the population, their overall impact on the cross-sectional population cascade remained limited as in- and out-migration compensated each other.

Conclusions

In a context of high HIV incidence, the continuous flow of newly infected individuals slows down the efforts to increase ART coverage and population viral suppression.

Reference

Larmarange Joseph, Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou, McGrath Nuala, Iwuji Collins, Thiébaut Rodolphe, Tanser Frank, Bärnighausen Till, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François, Orne-Gliemann Joanna and ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group (2018) “From inspanidual care trajectories to HIV care cascade at population level in rural KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa): the impact of population dynamics” (communication orale), presented at the Life History Research Society Conference, Paris.